Bibliographic

Citations

 

 

 

 

APA

Style

 

 

 

Learning

Resource

Center

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ELECTRONIC REFERENCE SOURCES: APA STYLE

 

All citations begin with standard elements (Author, (Date) Title, etc.) as given in the previous samples, followed by a retrieval statement.

·         Retrieval date: the day you downloaded the

Article

·         Internet address is necessary in most cases

·         Retrieval statement ends with a period unless the last element is an Internet address

 

Internet Articles Based on a Print Source

Provide the Internet address for the document at the end of the retrieval statement:

 

Electronic reference formats recommended by the American Psychological Association. (2000, October 12). Retrieved October 23, 2000, from http://www.apa.org/journals/webref.html.

           

Internet Articles: Same formatting as the  Print Source

If the online article has the same format as the print article (i.e., a scanned image of .pdf copy), only add {Electronic version} after the article title:

 

VandenBos, G. Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001).

Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates {Electronic Version}. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123.

 

Article from an Aggegated Database

The name of the database is sufficient; no address is needed:

 

Eid, M., & Langeheine, R. (1999). The measurement of consistence and occasion specificity with latent class models: A new model and its applications to the measurement of affect. Psychological Methods, 4,

100-116         . Retrieved November 19, 2000, from the PsycARTICLES database.

 

Daily Newspaper Article

Hilts, P.J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2000, from http://www.nytimes.com

 

SAMPLES OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS:                    

APA STYLE

 

The following samples of citations are taken from:

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). (2001). Washington, DC:

American Psychological Association

·         All references should be double-spaced

and indented.

·         Examples are single spaced to save space.

 

Elements of a reference to an entire book

Author. (Date). Title of work: Subtitle of work

   (Nth ed.). Place: Publisher.

 

Beck, C.A. J. (2001). Family mediation:

   Facts, myths, and future prospects.

Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

 

Order of several works by the same author.

To cite two or more publications by the same author, arrange titles by year of publication, earliest first.

 

Walters, G.D. (1990). The criminal lifestyle. Newbury

            Park, CA: Sage Publications.

 

Walters, G.D. (1994). Drugs and crime in lifestyle  

            perspective. Berkeley, CA: Sage Publications.

 

Authors

To cite a publication with more than one author, give surnames and initials for all authors, up to six, and

use et al for seventh and remaining authors.

 

Cashin, J.A.., Lerner, J., Fieldman, S. & England, B.

            (1989). Schaum’s outline of theory and problems of

            intermediate accounting (2nd ed. ) New York:

            McGraw-Hill.

 

Book, no author or editor

To cite a book with no author, place the title in the author position. Edition follows the title, before publication date.

 

Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary

            (10th ed.). (1988). Springfield, MA:

            Merriam-Webster.

 

Elements of a reference to an article or chapter

In an edited book

Author. (Date). Title of article or chapter being cited.

In book editor’s name(s) (Eds.), Title of book (Vol.#, pp. #). Place: Publisher.

 

Goisbeault, N. (1992). African Myths. In P. Brunel    (Ed.), Companion to literary myths, heroes and. archetypes. (W. Allatson, & J. Hayward Trans.). (pp. 24-29). New York: Routledge.

 

 

Entry in an encyclopedia

Author. (Date). Title of article. In Title of encyclopedia  (Vol. #, pp. #). Place: Publisher.

 

Bergman, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

 

Elements of a reference to a periodical

To cite a periodical article with no author, or byline, place the title in the author position.

 

Journal articles

Author, (Date). Article title. Journal title,

   Volume # (Issue#), page numbers.

 

Mellers, B.A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 910-924.

 

Klimoski, R. & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36.

 

Magazine or newspaper articles

Author. (Year, Month day). Artilce title. Magazine or newspaper title, Volume number, page numbers.

 

Kandel, E.R., & Squire, L.R. (2000, Novmber 10). Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind. Science, 290, 1113-1120.

 

Audiovisual media

Primary Contributors. (Function). (Date). Title. {Medium.}. Country of Origin: Studio OR (Available from Distributor, Complete address)

 

Specify medium in brackets immediately after title, i.e. CD, motion picture, television broadcast, work of art.

 

Motion picture

Harrison, J. (Producer), & Schmiechen, R. (Director). (1992). Changing our mind: The story of Evelyn Hooker {Motion picture}. (Available from Changing Our Minds, Inc. 170 West End Avenue, Suite 25R, New York, NY 10023)

 

Television broadcast

Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour {Television broadcast}. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service.